Searching For Meaning in Apocalypse Now Essay examples -- Movie Film c

Searching For Meaning in Apocalypse Now Francis Ford Coppolas film Apocalypse Now takes the audience into a tense and obscure journey through the Vietnam fight. This long and agonizing journey is seen through the eyes of Captain Willard played by Martin Sheen. Sheen. Captain Willard is assigned to a mission that relies on him to assassinate Colonel Kurtz, who is played by Marlon Brando. Although Apocalypse Now is an examination of the many terrors of society that are connected to the Vietnam War, Coppola plays much of his film off Joseph Conrads novel The look of Darkness. Conrads story focuses on Captain Marlow who is parallel to Willard and the Colonel Kurtz possesses many of the same characteristics in both works. In both works, the Captain is to find the Colonel, but Coppola makes a genuinely significant change in his film. This significant change is the transition of Captain Marlow assigned to find Colonel Kurtz in the Congo, to Captain Willard assigned to assassinate Colone l Kurtz in Cambodia. The fact that Willard has now become an assassin of Kurtz is very important in Coppolas over all point. It especially is important for the last ten minutes of the movie when Willard real kills Kurtz. The final scenes of the film consist of Kurtz reading of the poem The Hollow Men and the interplay of Willard killing Kurtz while the Cambodian Natives kill a water buffalo in a ritualistic setting. These changes and departures of the ending of Heart of Darkness are made so Coppola can make his point about the Vietnam War and society. The point macrocosm that the Vietnam War was completely meaningless and a lost cause among several others. However, as will be shown, these points come in conflict with eachother and are voiceless to ... ... of the movie is. Apocalypse Now is definitely a movie fit for an audience who wishes to be stimulated with thought overload. The movie is filled with all kinds of metaphors to the Vietnam War and parallels to Heart of Darkness . Coppola makes alterations to Heart of Darkness to achieve his own personal point that is very different from Conrads, but his point is still not completely clear. Coppolas resistance to the war is obvious but he throws in a lot of other elements to try to add even more onto that. Coppola uses Kurtz to examine the importance of not judging, The Hollowness of Men, and the Christlike figure of Kurtz himself. All of these are great ideas, but the ideas are just scattered throughout the movie and show no cohesiveness. However, one can still appreciate Coppolas thought-provoking ideas without completely understanding what they all mean.

web dubois :: essays research papers

WEB DUBOISWEB Dubois was born and raised in Barrington, Massachusetts. After high school and with the help of friends and family, and a learnedness he received to Fisk College (now University), he eagerly to Nashville, Tennessee to further his education.This was his first trip south. And during his stay there, his knowledge of the race problem became clearer. He saw discrimination in ways he never dreamed of, and developed a determination to expedite the emancipation of his people. Consequently, he became a writer, editor, and an impassioned orator. And in the process, acquired a scrapper attitude toward the color bar. While he was teaching an Atlanta University, Dubois wrote about and studied Negro morality and Negro urbanization. During this period a controversy grew mingled with DuBois and Booker T. Washington, which later grew into a bitter personal battle. Washington argued the Black people should temporarily forego "political power, insistence on civil rights, and high education of Negro youth. They should concentrate altogether their energies on industrial education." DuBois believed in the higher education of a "Talented Tenth" who through their knowledge of fresh culture could guide the American Negro into a higher civilization. (DuBois Dusk of Dawn).When Dubois began to solicit help for organized determination and aggressive action on the helping of men who believe in Negro freedom and growth, twenty-nine men from fourteen states answered the call in Buffalo, New York. Five months later in January of 1906 the "Niagara Movement" was formed. Its objectives were to advocate civil justice and abolish caste discrimination. Though they were criticized for their radicalism, this was the first significant black organized protest movement of the twentieth century. The wrecking of the group was attributed to public accusations of fraud and deceit engineered presumably by Washington advocates. In 1909 most members of the Niagara Movement merged with some white liberals and thus the subject area Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was born. DuBois was not altogether pleased with the group but agreed to stay on as Director of Publications and Research. He was also editor in chief of its publication the crisis for more than 20 years. He used his mighty pen to denounce racial injustice all over the country and grew more and more popular. This period marked the height of DuBois popularity. The Crisis magazine subscription rate had grown from 1000 in 1909 to over 10,000 in whitethorn of 1919.

An Analysis of Robert Frosts Mending Wall :: Mending Wall Essays

An Analysis of Robert Frosts Mending Wall Mending Wall, by Robert Frost portrays the routines of two lives who are continually secureness the fence, or wall, that separates their properties. If a stone is missing form the fence, you can bet that the two men are out on that point putting it back together piece by piece. Frosts description of every detail in this poem is quite interesting, very pleasant to read, and extremely imaginable. He leaves the reader to decide for himself what deductions he is to make from the reading. On one hand, Frost makes literal implications about what the two men are doing. For instance, they are physically putting the stones back, one by one. Their dedication, commitment, and constant drive shines through when reading how persistence these men seem about keeping the wall intact. Quite the contrary however, is the inferences that something even deeper is going on. There is a sharing experience taking place here. Indeed, by laboring so hard, each man is experiencing physical repercussions, but they are also using this sequence as a meet and greet period. We can gather from the beginning of the poem that the wall has many forces that keeps it in shambles. For instance, Frost writes ...that sends the frozen ground swell up under it and spills the upper boulders in the sun..., and I pitch come after them(hunters) and made repair where they have left not one stone on a stone... The man and his neighbor dont seem to have time for anything else, for it sounds as if they are constantly making repairs. Is there a reason for this? It is important to telephone circuit that not only are these men completing a manly task, but they are also building some type of relationship. If this were not an issue, the neighbor would not repeat Good fences make good neighbors. As the man tells his story, we find that even though the two men may be conversing and interacting, there is some distance between them at all times. The man says .. .on a day we meet to walk the line and set the wall between us once again. It seems to show that even though there is a need for friendship in each of us, it is equally as necessary for us to have our own space.

Myths, Dreams and the Epic of Gilgamesh :: Epic of Gilgamesh Essays

The Epic of Gilgamesh, a masterpiece of world literature, is considered to be sensation of the oldest epics in the world. It is called an epic, but it is really a myth. In orderliness to be able to understand a myth, it is necessary to have an historic point of view from two perspectives, so to speak, an outer and an inner one. The outer one concerns the essential to understand the historical form in which the archetypes appear, the historical background to which the myth is related - in our case, the Babylonian refinement and religion. The inner aspect concerns the requisite problems of the time, with which that particular epoch struggled consciously, or in which it was unconsciously involved. Although this is primarily a scientific task, I believe that it is nevertheless a matter of immediate necessity for us to understand such documents humains in relation to our own life, for all the festers live in us, and we cannot really understand ourselves unless we know our spiritual r oots. What particular age and what spiritual contents atomic number 18 evoked in us by the unconscious is, to a certain extent, a question of individual fate. Since Western culture is based to a great extent on Judaism and Christianity, Babylonian culture as one of their roots may be looked upon as of immediate psychological interest to us all. The archetypes live in their realm, beyond time and space. This builds the bridge of understanding between men of all ages, and makes it possible to realize that we ourselves with our essential problems are bound up in the continuity of the eternal problems of mankind, as they are mirrored in myths. But the form in which the archetypes appear, their garments so to speak, depends on the historical conditions the symbols in which they appear change. In the human being these changes correspond to the development of human consciousness. Thus the myths, in my opinion, represent not only eternal archetypical events, but a certain level of the de velopment of human consciousness. During my work on this remarkably rich material this connection thrust itself to a greater extent and more into my mind, so that I should like to define it as the basic idea, as the starting point of my attempt to explain this myth. It was only in 1872 that scholars first became conscious of this myth, when the English Assyriologist George Smith made public The Chaldean Account of the Deluge, as he titled his translation of the eleventh tablet of the epic.

The Chlorine Debate: How White Do You Want It? Essay -- essays researc

The chlorine Debate How White Do You Want It?     Chlorine is one of the worlds most widely used chemicals, the building factor vital to almost every United States industry. We use chlorine andchlorine-based products whenever we drink a meth of water, buy food wrapped inplastic, purchase produce in the supermarket, pour bleach into a washing machine,have a prescription filled, yarn-dye out a computer document like this one, or evendrive a car. (Abelson 94)     Chlorine, a member of the halogen (salt-forming) group of metallicelements, was first do by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774, whotreated hydrochloric acid with manganese dioxide. In 1810, the English chemistSir Humphrey Davy determined that chlorine was a chemical element and named itfrom the Greek word meaning greenish-yellow. One hundred and eighty-five long timelater, chlorine compounds are ubiquitous components in the manufacturing ofpaper, plastics, insecticides, clea ning fluids, antifreeze, paints, medicines,and petroleum products. The unfortunate and requisite by-product of thesemanufacturing processes is dioxin, one of the most toxic substances on theplanet earth. Dioxins are also produced whenever chlorine containing substances,such as PVC, are burned.     Life as we populate it will change, if a Greenpeace ladder is successful.The powerful environmental group has mounted a well-organized campaign that hasas its objective nothing less than a total, global ban on chlorine. With thepublic health and billions of dollars at stake, the debate over chlorine hasbecome one of the worlds most contentious and controversial issues. "Is achlorine-free proximo possible?" asked Bonnie Rice, a spokesperson forGreenpeaces Chlorine Free Campaign. "Yes, it can be done without massivedisruption of the economy and of society, if it is done in the ripe(p) matter."(Gossen 94)     The chlorine industry and its allies say a total ban on chlorine wouldbe neither wise, possible, nor economically feasible. "We find the chlorinecampaign outrageous in its scope and purpose," explained Leo Anziano, theChairman of the Washington-based Chlorine Chemistry Council, and organizationthat lobbies on behalf of the chlorine industry. "We believe its bas... ...ingly undecidable debate, thebasis of the debate seems to be the solution. illegalise or getting rid ofchlorine, organochlorines, or most any other chemical can only cause moreproblems than they will solve unless a proven and effective alternative isdeveloped to take the place of that chemical. Most everyday things would haveto drastically be altered to make suit for a complete chlorine ban, and thatwould take a great deal of time, effort, and money to do.     If a ban on chlorine was implemented, who would be responsible for thecost and concern of switching the equipment the consumer, the producer,Greenpea ce and other environmental watch organizations, or the government? Thebrunt of the cost would most likely fall into the hands of the consumers, whichwould kill most middle and lowborn families.     Chlorine is a building block of most of our everyday conveniences and amajor player in most chemical compounds. Until a stouthearted and cost-effectivealternative is made, most of the everyday consumers will still have to go onusing the same chlorine and organochlorine-based products that they have usedfor years before.

The Chlorine Debate: How White Do You Want It? Essay -- essays researc

The Chlorine Debate How White Do You Want It?     Chlorine is unmatched of the worlds closely widely used chemicals, the buildingelement vital to almost every United States attention. We use centiliter andchlorine-based products whenever we drink a glass of water, buy nutriment wrapped inplastic, purchase produce in the supermarket, pour bleach into a washing machine,have a prescription filled, print out a computer document like this one, or evendrive a car. (Abelson 94)     Chlorine, a member of the halogen (salt-forming) group of metallicelements, was first made by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774, whotreated hydrochloric acid with manganese dioxide. In 1810, the English chemistSir Humphrey Davy determined that chlorine was a chemical element and named itfrom the Greek interchange meaning greenish-yellow. One hundred and eighty-five yearslater, chlorine compounds are ubiquitous components in the manufacturing ofpaper, plast ics, insecticides, cleaning fluids, antifreeze, paints, medicines,and petroleum products. The unfortunate and unavoidable by-product of thesemanufacturing processes is dioxin, one of the most toxic substances on theplanet earth. Dioxins are also produced whenever chlorine containing substances,such as PVC, are burned.     Life as we know it will change, if a Greenpeace campaign is successful.The powerful environmental group has mounted a well-organized campaign that hasas its objective nothing less than a total, worldwide ban on chlorine. With thepublic health and billions of dollars at stake, the debate over chlorine hasbecome one of the worlds most contentious and controversial issues. "Is achlorine-free future possible?" asked decorous Rice, a spokesperson forGreenpeaces Chlorine Free Campaign. "Yes, it can be done without massivedisruption of the economy and of society, if it is done in the right matter."(Gossen 94)     Th e chlorine industry and its allies say a total ban on chlorine wouldbe neither wise, possible, nor economically feasible. "We find the chlorinecampaign outrageous in its scope and purpose," explained Leo Anziano, theChairman of the Washington-based Chlorine Chemistry Council, and organizationthat lobbies on behalf of the chlorine industry. "We believe its bas... ...ingly undecidable debate, thebasis of the debate seems to be the solution. Banning or get rid ofchlorine, organochlorines, or most any opposite chemical can only cause moreproblems than they will solve unless a proven and stiff selection isdeveloped to take the place of that chemical. Most everyday things would haveto drastically be altered to make suit for a complete chlorine ban, and thatwould take a great deal of time, effort, and money to do.     If a ban on chlorine was implemented, who would be responsible for thecost and maintenance of switching the equipment the consumer, the p roducer,Greenpeace and other environmental watch organizations, or the government? Thebrunt of the cost would most likely fall into the hands of the consumers, whichwould kill most middle and lower-class families.     Chlorine is a building block of most of our everyday conveniences and amajor player in most chemical compounds. Until a sturdy and cost-effectivealternative is made, most of the everyday consumers will still have to go onusing the same chlorine and organochlorine-based products that they have usedfor years before.

IT Doesn’t Matter by Nicholas G. Carr Essay

Over the years the importance of IT has increased a lot. So much so that whole business processes revolve around the IT transcription. According to Nicholas Carr, the grand increases in investment in IT systems may be because of the assumption by companies that IT provides them with a strategical advantage. However, this assumption is flawed. A technology doesnt give strategic advantage because of its ubiquity but because of its scarcity. As IT becomes cheaper and available to everyone, its strategic advantage vanishes.Secondly, IT being an infrastructural technology, its meant to be shared as it provides more value when shared than in isolation. Mangers believe that the innovations brought by infrastructural technology will last forever. However, this isnt the case. As huge amount of investment pours in, competition increases and the technology becomes cheaper and commoditized. The same thing has happened with IT (Carr, 2003). After establishing that IT isnt that important, Nicho las then proposes some recommendation for todays managers.Firstly, managers should start spending less on IT. They should rigorously analyze alternatives before investing in a particular IT system. Moreover, managers should look for open source or cheaper alternatives. Furthermore, managers should focus on reducing waste. More than thirty percent of storage capacity is used to serve the customer the rest is used to store Mp3s, video and emails (Carr, 2003). Secondly, companies should follow quite of leading.With every new technology becoming obsolete the next month, its better to wait and then make a move for the right frame of IT system (Carr, 2003). Finally, IT should now be seen as important to the competition but insignificant to the companys strategy. Managers should now focus on sustaining the current IT system rather than upgrading it, as a small disruption can have a destructive effect on the companys profitability and account but an upgrade doesnt contribute much to pr ofits (Carr, 2003).

Man vs. Society

Society excludes, torments, and sometimes kills people simply because of their religion. We might not always discriminate it or hear it, but its there. Religious persecution is everywhere. It is in our schools, it is in our government, it is engrained in our society. Natur completelyy people persecute and torment those who argon not worry them, be them Muslim, Mormon, Hindu, or even Christian. Yes, even Christians are being persecuted. We in America hear so often about Muslims being victims of abuse in the westbound(Ali).But what we dont realize that there is another war. An unrecognized war(Ali) taking place everywhere from West Africa to the centerfield East to South Asia and Oceania. A war on Christians. Christians are the most persecuted group in the contemporary demesne. According to the World Evangelical Alliance, over 200 million Christians in 60 countries are denied fundamental human matures solely because of their faith(Persecution of Christians). In Egypt, Christians are forced under strict rules that do not apply to mosques and other sacred institutions.For example, under Hamayouni Decree, Christians have to go through the federal government in order to build, or even repair their buildings (Persecution of Christians). Not only does Egypt restrict Christians baron to build and maintain churches, but besides their ability to hold positions. Christians cannot hold senior government positions, diplomatic positions, be in the military, or hold didactics positions (Persecution of Christians).Also, the Egyptian government does not recognize conversions from Islam to Christianity, and since inter-faith marriages in the country are illegal, converts cannot marry people born in Christian communities, and their children receive an Islamic preparation (Persecution of Copts). After the Arab initiation movement, there have been even more accounts of Christian persecution. Arab Spring is a revolutionary wave of demonstrations that has been taking plac e in the Arab world that is successfully overthrowing their repressive governments(Cha-cha).The overthrow of the government of Libya, the civil uprisings in Bahrain, Syria, and Yemen, and the major protests in Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, and Oman (Arab Spring) are allowing Islamic extremists to gain power, and this is very worrisome for many Christians. The Arab Spring movement is also causing a Muslim revival of sorts, causing them to question their tolerance of Christians thus far. This revival has caused numerous incidents such as church-burnings, rapes, mutilations, and murders(Ali). Christians are being killed in Islamic cultures simply because of their religion.Yet this raises no alarm. Here in the West we have no idea how badly our fellow Christians suffer at the hands of Muslim countries. They constantly live in fear that their houses will be burned, their children killed, and them imprisoned with no hope of a fair trial. From blasphemy laws to stern murders to bombings to mutilations and the burning of holy sites, Christians in so many nations live in fear(Ali). Christians and Muslims in Nigeria have been on the edge of civil war for years. A new Islamic radical group called Boko Harem provokes most of this action.This organization has stated that it will kill all Christians living in the country(Ali). In the month of January 2012 alone, Boko Haram was responsible for 54 deaths(Ali). This is insane In the first month of this year, a month with a mere 31 days, Boko Haram has already killed 54 people. Thats almost two people a day. And this is only one group. In 2011, they killed at least 510 and burned down or destroyed more than 350 churches. This Christophobia that Africa is also found in Sudan, but in a very different form.The Sudanese authoritarian government has for decades tormented the Christian minorities in the south(Ali). In Sudan, it is not extremist groups that are targeting Christians, but the government itself. It began in 2 003, at the infamous genocide at Darfur. Since then, the Muslim president, Omar al-Bashir, has been indicted in the International Criminal homage in The Hauge of three counts of genocide (Omar al-Bashir). Even though he granted partial independence to south Sudan, the violence has not ended. Christians in south Sudan are still subject to aerial bombings, targeted killings, and the kidnapping of children (Ali).The UN reports that between 53,000 and 75,000 innocent civilians have been displaced from their homes (Ali). Not only are African Christians suffering, but also ones in the Middle East. Since 2003, more than 900 Iraqi Christians have been killed by terrorists actions and 70 churches have been burned in Baghdad alone. Christians might disappear altogether from Iraq says the chairman of the U. S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (Muslim Persecution of Christians). In Iran, the government is making laws that make it illegal to spread the Christian faith to the rest o f the Iranians.Their goal is to cleanse Iranian Christians(Wahdat-Hagh), completely eradicating them from their country. There is so much hatred from the Islamic society that is directed towards Christians, and for no good reason. They torment and rape and mutilate and murder all Christians who are willing to booth up for what they believe in. And what do we do? What does western civilization do? We stand aside and allow it to happen. We turn a blind eye to our brothers and sisters who are being tortured and murdered for their beliefs, and allow it all to go on. We know its happening, but why do we stand aside?Why is America, the country that was founded on the principals of Christianity, the country that was founded for the purpose of escape from religious persecution, standing aside and allowing people to be massacred? Are we so disguised up in things of this world, are we so wrapped up in economy and money and oil that we stand aside and allow people to be brutally killed so th at we can keep our gas prices low and our people safe? Even if we dont all agree that Christians are right are wrong, dont we all believe that human life is valuable, and that it must be preserved?We went to war with the Middle Eastern countries to fight this state of war on Terror, but what did that accomplish? Safety for our own borders, and not even that to its fullest extent. It did nothing to help the hundreds of thousands of Christians living in fear all around the world. So what should we do? We the people, of the United States of America, must go back to our roots, go back to the reason why we came here in the first place, and abandon all of our small-minded arguments, so that we can aid those who are the oppressed and the persecuted because of their faith.

Revivalism Essay

Revivalism is an authentic Afro-Christian religious folk form that evolved during the eighteenth to nineteenth century. Initially, it was the native Baptist Christians who joined forces with the Moravians, and former(a) non-conformist churches to become the forerunners of the movement. However, Jamaica was said to have experienced a religious movement called the Great Revival in 1861, which saw the incorporation of much more African retention in the movement. Pocomania is more African in form while Zion is more Christian oriented. 1Upon preparing to embark this journey, I was a bit disgruntled that I had to wake up in the wee hours of the morning to go this Watt Town excursion, plainly I still approached with a open mind, though I had an idea of what to expect, seeing that I was already acquainted with quite a few Revivalists. Honestly I expected it to be a waste of time, but upon seeing the fellowship of my friends, while waiting on the buses which were scheduled to take us on our journey it got easier and easier, we engaged in jokes and hymns we swore were Revivalist hymns but Mr. gray quickly busted our bubble and told us that those hymns were Pentecostal.We were greeted by a semi-pleasant but slow bus driver, but the vibe in our bus quickly took our minds glum the length of the journey. I view Revivalists as highly religious lot who are in tune with spirits with from various realms, known as Heaven, realm and Ground spirit realms, I met with a lot of opposite Revivalists, but what I found rather interesting was the fact that the core of what they were saying were interchangeable but they were also many subtle differences, For example I met with a man, whose name is Joseph Whitter, of the Olivette Seventh twenty-four hours church. nd he seemed to be quite regard in the church community, he blatantly stated at the beginning of the conversation that, Revivalism is the only way to be saved, we had a long drawn out discussion on what are my personal vi ews on religion and the opening asseveration he made, where I told him that I strongly disagree with that statement and I believe that there is only one God and peace and love is the ultimate goal, which everyone should try to achieve, no matter what religion one identifies with.I then met with Miss. Barbara Harper of the same church, Olivette Seventh day church, and she stated that people should go to any church they want to go to and do anything that is truly gratify to God, when I mentioned what her church br other(a) thought about the same thing, she said that there is no one way to get to heaven and that people go along more of their time in competition with other denominations and religions rather than giving praises to the most high.I laughed a bit and I was in total savvy with her statement. We then started to talk about her life, and how she was before she identified that Revivalism was for her, I could see that the movement actually helped her and improved her life, be fore moving on I thanked her for be so honest and reasoning with me, telling her that I would listen to her talk any day for she had a liberal and open mind and I absolutely hated radical minded people, who try to force their doctrines and beliefs down peoples throats.When we finally arrived at Watt Town, after our extra long journey I had no idea of what I was about to witness, the site was same nothing I had seen before, I was greeted by what had seemed to be hund departures of people, I discovered that Watt Town was having what had seemed like an inter -church convention. I saw children from various schools and young adults like our selves there to see this feat.One of the first things I discover about the Revivalists was they were wearing dissimilar uniforms in different styles and colours, I wondered and asked why were they dressed like this and a kind lady told me that each church was represented by different uniforms. The seal is the focal point of the church this is whe re the angels are believed to manifest themselves. This is the most sacred area of the ground and is a welcoming tool.The seal is a dominant shoot a line in all revivalist churches because the seal encourages spirits which come and possess the members, enabling them to carry out their works of healing and worship. It is advised that one should mountain pass around the seal three times to pay respect to the Tribune God. Some seals can be seen with silver coins in them, this is payment to the spirits for their help. The flags and banners we saw at the front play a very important role in the revivalism. A tall pole usually marks a revival ground.The flags on the pole are employ to attack passing spirits, the attraction of spirits is very important to revivalism because they believe in many spirits and that they can be appeased or summoned to assist in their day-to-day lives. Each banner has its own purpose. Green means anything of nature, Blue and white means peace, pink love and re d stands for the blood of Jesus. Upon venturing to the top of the structure, slightly pebbles started to rain from a roof top, some hitting my address, not understanding anything about what was going on yet, I didnt take kindly to this, that confused me a bit more than I already was.When a group of us finally got to the top we discover the different worship circles/prayer group, and I was pleased by some as I saw some circles which were mixed with members of different churches, this showed me that pride was not an thin out and did not hinder worship, and the main goal, magnifying the most high, I stood in amazement right next to two worship circles and I heard various choruses, some I had heard before, some I had not, I was familiar with songs such as Madda de great stone got to move and sway oh Rock holy, rock oh Rock holy.Being a musician I enjoyed this aspect of the excursion, identifying the keys and the chord progressions that would go with their simple but effective melod ies. I noticed that even though their uniforms were different, they had many things in common, I noticed that many of them had head wraps with various pieces of stationery in the wraps, I laughed at this sight because I thought they were taking notes or something, but as I went on and I learned more I discovered that the pencils, rulers and scissors that I saw resting in their head wraps had special significance.The pencils and rulers signifies healing among the followers, the scissors were carried around by a specific set of people, known as the healers, who use the scissors to literally cut malign from around the persons being healed, as demonstrated to us by a young man named Otis. A few of the Revivalists were also seen carrying around a fourth dimension ruler, this was given to people who had been living a righteous life and who were slated to be married.We saw some people washing their face with sugar water, this was said to mould clearance and purity, the prayer shawl was said to represent the Tribe of Judah, as we learned that, like the Rastafarians there was a lot of African roots in Revivalism also, and they used red green and gold to identify with Ethiopia and Ghana. When I inquired about a lamp I saw an elderly woman carrying around, she said that the lamp also represents healing and spiritual light because revivalists dont walk in the darkness. These healing symbols were brought from Africa with the slaves and became an integral part of the revivalist healing services.As a result the present day revivalist has maintained the practice. I asked some Revivalists of their actual occupations and from the replies I found out that they were either day workers, higglers or fishermen, (more than likely belonging to the lower class) I saw that this must have contributed to the scornful treatment by mainstream and middle/upper class Christians, They consider them to be highly superstitious, pagan, primitive and comical in ritual behaviors especially when they suspect them of practicing obeah. The disdain heaped on the lower class involved in revivalism can be traced to colonialism.Stratification was practiced on the grove not only from the perspective of whites to none whites or but also among the blacks. The free slave felt himself above the house slave who felt they were original to the field slaves and there was further stratification in that group depending on the gang to which they belong. Seaga, in his writings in the 1980s explained that Revivalism also has different levels indoors its structure. There is the Leader who is the central figure of importance below the leader are the armour bearer, shepherd boy and mother.The leader is never usually questioned on the reason for ritual observances. The ritualistic forms of Revivalism takes three major forms such as prayer meeting, street meeting and rituals for specific purposes for example tables, altars and baths. The meetings are usually opened to the public. Revivalism is divided into two groups, Zion and Pocomania, Pocomania is more African in form while Zion is more Christian oriented. they are referred to as 2 different spiritual groups the 60 and 61, the 60 spirit (Zion) are persons who believe in only one God, the Heavenly spirits, archangels, saints and angels. ho are viewed as firmly rooted and committed Christian. The 61 (Pocomania) spirit comprises of individuals who take commands from earth-bound spirits are the Fallen Angels (satanic powers), from God and from The Ground spirits are those of the human dead that are not biblically mentioned. I noticed that the people of the 60 spirit, look down the 61 in a way which gave me a feeling of segregation between both of the groups. I noticed that like other Christians, Revivalists also go on fasting sessions but they cant just get up and fast they have to be ordered by the holy spirit.Also apart a Revivalists culture includes heavy usage of flowers they believe that when you place the flowers in water and go to ease you dream see your future, whether it brings destruction or fortune. Some of my views on Revivalists were different after the trip, previously I thought that, Revivalists only went to church like other Christians and the worship was similar but I was mistaken, I also thought that they used instruments but I discovered that their bodies were their instruments, stomping and grunting to help them keep time and to exit percussive sounds.In my opinion the greatest gift Revivalists can give to the Jamaican culture, is their sense of unity, having being bashed for many many years, I saw that these people remained strong and stood firm for what they believe. That is what many religions and people of Jamaica need to survive through good times and bad, this was what I took away from the journey, and if I didnt take anything else, I was glad I took this quality from the Revivalists, unity is strength and they will forever be a constant reminder of that value.

Increasing Crime Rate In India Essay

With the rapid urbanization and development of big cities and towns, the graph of crimes is also on the increase. This phenomenal produce in offences and crime in cities is a matter of great concern and alarm to all of us. There be robberies, murders, rapes and what not.The frequent and perennial thefts, burglaries, robberies, murders, killings, rapes, shoplifting, pick pocketing, drug- abuse, illegal trafficking, smuggling, theft of vehicles etc., have made the common citizens to have sleepless nights and restless days. They feel very insecure and vulnerable in the straw man of anti-social and evil elements. The criminals have been operating in an organised way and sometimes even have nationwide and international connections and links.The political links of the criminals have tangled the matters. Kidnappers, rapists, murderers, smugglers and such other criminals are indulging in their crimes under the wings and protection of the political leaders. Steps should be taken to curb and eliminate this austere trend. The masses should rise to fight political patronage of criminals. Corrupt politicians should be denied party tickets and party positions.Read more Essay About Crime roam IncreaseRecently the Tan door Murder case shocked the whole country, and now the Balboa Srivastava case and involvement of many leaders has come to ignition rich men and their wards are being kidnapped openly for ransom. Old, retired and lonely men and women living in posh colonies are easy targets of these criminals. The servants murder their masters and dispel with their booty. The old men and women cannot do without domestic help and servants. And writher turn, the servants are killing and murdering them. The police and the administration are to be blamed for the deterioration of law and stray in the cities. Precious little is being done to check these very serious crimes. Sometimes, policemen are a party to these crimes. They get their share of the loot.The crime shoes in other metropolitan cities like Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras etc. is almost the same. Crimes are being committed in an organised manner. Criminals have turned professionals and can be hired by anyone whocan pay them handsomely, Well educated young men, belonging to good families have been found involved in many a crime. Some criminals get a hint from Indian and foreign films and TV serials. If they succeed in committing one crime successfully, they become fabulously rich. They find it worth all the trouble and risk.Mumbai is notorious for prostitution, and child abuse. Mumbai is the commercial capital of India. To it also goes the distinction of being the centre of economic offences. Land, arms and drug mafias have a well spread network there. They finance and help the production of magi mega budget films and have secret political links and influences. Mushrooming of slum colonies has also given rise in the rate of crimes in the cities. Mumbai has the largest slums. Mumbai is dotted with shanty townships. These slums and huge hopers are dens of all sorts of crimes.Other big cities and towns are not far behind in the matter of crimes. Child Criminals age also on rise. Children begin with petty crimes and then turn out notorious criminals in young age. Violence, Killings, murders, rape scenes etc., in films have helped in spread of crimes in children.They imitate what they see in films and TV serials. Unemployment and frustration among youth have contributed much to the rise in crimes. Unless these problems are solved, no significant achievements can be made in curbing crimes. Moreover, the police force and intelligence agencies should be made more efficient and effective. patrol people should have a human face and be friendly to seek cooperation of the public. There should be no violation of human rights while transaction with criminals. Moreover is with sympathy, it care arid human approach that many a criminal can become useful citizen

Organization and Behaviour Essay

Contents1. divers(prenominal)iate and contrast different presidencyal organises and last 2. Explain how the relationship betwixt an g everywherenances structure and culture stinker impact on the doing of the business 3. address the factors that influence the individuals deportment at field 4. Compare the lastingness of different communicateership styles in different organisations 5. Explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of counselling 6. Evaluate the different approaches to man bestridement used by different organisations7. Discuss the impact that different leadership styles whitethorn have on motivation in organisations in periods of change 8. Compare the application of different motivational theories inside the let on outplace 9. Evaluate the usefulness of a motivation theory for buss 10. Explain the nature of mathematical groups and group behaviour at heart organisations 11. Discuss factors that whitethorn promote or inhibit the development o f effective group fly the coop in organisations 12. Evaluate the impact of technology on squad functioning within a granted organisationP1 Compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture.Organisational structureThere are different types of organisational structures. There is the Functional structure which is based on the activities that tribe do in the organisation past the Product based structure, when the product determines the structure, the Geographically based structure when the location determines the structure and the last ane is the Matrix structure (segregation) which is the combination of functions (activities) and product.Organisational cultureIs the values and behaviours that contri thoe to the unique social and psychological, Organisational culture is the sum of an organisation past and current experiences, philosophy and values that hold it to rifleher and is expressed in its self-image. The organisational structure focuses on the mentality, work ethic and the values of the play alongs management and employees. The main factors that influence the structure of an organisation are products, environment, staff, task, culture and management style, size number and type of dept.A culture of innovation, aggroupwork and partnership federal agency that the accompany has a firm foundation of relationships and open communication channels on which to build its growth. A major determinant of an organisations structure is its culture. The general nature of culture in terms of both external influences and how things are done as well as common values, belief and military capability leave behind have a signifi toilettet effect on organisational processes including the design of structure.P2 Based on the scenario given explain how the relationship between an organisations structure and culture hatful impact on the performance of the business. The management the Coca cola company works reflects the many countries and cultures in which it does business. An essential part of the organisations structure therefore focuses on ensuring that individual products are given the best executable support in regional markets. Within the company different groups concentrate on particular products and use their specialist have it offledge of the brands and consumer needs to support the sales and promotional effort.In some cases a product is developed solely for local consumption and an example of this is the product Lilt, which is only available in extensive Britain and Ireland. A structure depends on the organizations objectives and strategy. In a centralized structure, the top layer of the management has most of the decision making billet and has tight control of departments and divisions. In a decentralized structure, the decisions making power is distributed and the departments and divisions have different degrees of independence.A company such Coca-Cola Great Britain is a to a greater extent centralized struc ture that has a corporate (Head office) that is responsible for giving the company an overall channeliseion and providing support to the regional structure.P3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behaviour at work. Organisations are made up of their individual members. The individual in a central feature of organisational behaviour whether acting in isolation or as part of a group in response to expectations of the organisation or as a result of the influences of the external environment. Where the needs of the individual and the demands of the organisation as incompatible this can result in frustration and conflict. It is the role of management to integrate the individual and the organisation and to provide a working environment that permits the satisf bodily function of individual needs as well as the attainment of organisational goals. The first factor to consider is the location. The organisation has to think about how they can mend the environment so that the staff will remain motivated at work. A good location and environment assistances to create a positive attitude to staff and customers.A nonher factor is the amount of working hours. Hours of work are extremely different throughout the industry- some peck are happy to work unsocial hours because it fits with their lifestyle or they wish to have time off when everyone is working. On the other hand, the overall amount of hours per week should not go over 40 hours. If staff are working overtime consistently it will not influence them to come into work so it is important that all hours of work is labyrinthine sensed. Safety and security factors must be considered in the workplace, and legislation such as Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 must be adhered to. These regulations particular apply where food is served or where there are chemical hazards, for example in a swimming pool. All these requirements are important.For some organisations a little error in the safety procedures can mean th e end of the business including a trial. Companies that organise activity holidays for children, for example Disney Land, Thorpe Park or capital of the United Kingdom Dungeon, must make health and safety a priority. Health and safety is important for both customers and employees. When employees k immediately that they can go about their work in safe environment and work together to ensure their customers are safe then this could alike influence them because they will know that they are working in a safe environment. Most Companies organise Christmas parties or social events and outings for staff. These are useful to create a friendship amongst staff and answer influence staff to build solid teams within the organisation. Good pay may is also another factor as staff like to see that their hard work has paid off.P4 Compare the effectiveness of the different leadership styles in two or more organisations of your choice. Management in an organisation is about influencing people to b rook in positive ways so that the team can chance on its general goal. A good manager must inform, motivate and develop the team as a whole. An autocratic manager makes all the decisions and announces them to the team. This individual is the boss and has full control. The main advantage of this kind of leadership is that decisions are made quickly, as no meeting will be held about the decisions made by the leader. The advantages that could motivate staff include * Where there is a need for urgent action the autocrat will take control * most team members gain security from being told what to do. The disadvantages are* team members may become frustrated at their lack of control * There may not be room for the team to express creativity * There may be over-dependence on the leader. exacting management belongs in a traditional hierarchical structure. Democratic management With democratic management, the decision-making is shared among the team. The advantages include* Ideas are encou raged from everyone* There is greater function and commitment from team members* The team is likely to be supportive of leader* The team is fully informed.The disadvantages include* Some team members may not be able to cope with being involved in decision-making* The democratic process can take too long* The leader may not accord with the decision of the team* Powerful team member may take over.P5 Explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of management.Organisational theoryOrganisational theory represents a young and compound field of study related to the behaviour of organisations and companies. Through particular methods like analysis, generalisations and observation, organisation theory specialists try to determine how companies and organisations will behave in true situations. (http//www.publicorgtheory.org/organization-theory.html)The way the organisational theory underpins the practice of management is by bringing change to actual behaviour. It can influence the managers behaviour which can be observed in the ideas portrayed or conclusions. It is important as it helps give insight to interrelationships between the development of theory, behaviour in organisations and management practice. It also gives an intellect of the development of management thinking. The knowledge of the history helps in the understanding of the nature of management and organisational behaviour. Many of the earlier ideas are of continuing immensity to the manager and subsequently ideas in management tend to incorporate early ideas of conclusions.P6 & P7 Using an organisation of your choice evaluate the different approaches to management. Discuss the impact that different leadership styles may have on motivation in organisation in periods of change. The organisation that I will be evaluating is Tesco which is a PLC (Public Limited Company). I will be talking about the different approaches to management. There is a difference between management and leadership. M anagement is about getting things done. Managers organise human and physical resources to accomplish business aims and objectives. Leadership is about influencing, motivating and inspiring people. It is about coaching and developing people, treating them with respect but challenging them. Leaders seek to create well- sight teams, with people committed to the organisations overall goals.The process of managing starts with the target or objective to be achieved. A manager must decide on the appropriate approach for reaching that target. The manager then needs to communicate this approach clearly to his or her team and to allocate tasks to each team member. childbed allocation and delegation of responsibility is part of the management function. However, other factors will also have an influence on whether the target is achieved, including the task in hand, the skills of the team and the style of leadership. The style of leadership can vary depending on the task. Some managers allow teams to take charge of their give birth decision-making for many tasks. Team leaders will set the objectives but empower team members to decide how these objectives are achieved. This has several advantages. It helps to motivate individuals in the team and it draws on the expertise of the members of the team. The leadership style that Tesco farm animal managers sit between autocratic and democratic both these styles allow staff to participate to an extent.However the manager has the right to reserve the final decision. Managers who lead victimization the autocratic leadership style often tend to give clear direction to staff and are good in terms of managing a crisis but this method does not allow team member to be heard and creative. On the other hand a democratic manager will chat with staff before making his final decision this style of leadership helps encourage staff to prepare forward ideas and increases motivation. Some manager will travel along leadership styles in whi ch are appropriate to the situation. Most managers prefer to take a democratic approach as they feel that staff respond check to this approach.For example when planning a major stock reduction programme at Tesco the store manager may encourage other management within the store to put forward ideas and develop plans as said before this increases team motivation and encourages creativity. Although some mistakes may be made this can be put forward as a learning experience. However as a store manager they may deal with many different situations. Some may be business critical and it is important that the manager is able to respond to these situations in the most appropriate manner. In some situations the manager may need to adapt the leadership approach and exert more authority.Laissez-faire is at the other end of the field from autocratic. A laissez-faire manager takes a hands-off approach and trusts teams to take appropriate decisions or actions with broad agreed boundaries. For examp le, a store manager might leave an experienced departmental manager to develop a budget. This could be because he trusts that the manager has a good knowledge of the needs of the department and of the business. Although each manager will have their own preferred leadership style, the most effective leaders take on a style that is appropriate depending on the situation. They will consider several factors such as * The task Is it business critical? Must a decision be made immediately? What will be the potential impact on the business? * The team Does it have the right skills and resources? Is it used to making decisions? * Tradition What has been the norm in the past?For example, a manager that uses a more tyrannous style if something needs achieving in a particular way or in a very quick timeframe. Sometimes budgets need to be minify quickly in order to make cost savings. The store manager will tell departmental managers what needs to be done and by when so that they can then re submit their budgets in line with expectations.Managers have to be aware of the practicable consequences of using the wrong style in a particular situation. For example, a manager will not use a laissez-faire approach with a new member of the team. If the employee is not given proper command this could jeopardise the business. In some cases employees could be injured if they dont use the equipment correctly. In this situation, it is essential to adopt an autocratic style.P8 Compare the application of different motivational theories within the workplace. Theories of motivationMaslowAmerica 1940, Abraham Maslow developed a theory of motivation. The theory is suitable for trying to understand how people are motivated in the workplace. Employers can use it to provide conditions that fulfil peoples needs at the different levels. Maslows theory is displayed as a pyramid because employees can only move up the levels once the lower levels are fulfilled. So for example an employee cannot a chieve at work (level 4) if they having problems in their personal life or with work colleagues like in (level 3). Similarly, if they have just been made homeless (level) their concern will be finding shelter not performing work, signification people have to be satisfied with their own needs and their life before even being motivated to do work.HerzbergHerzbergs theory is also known as the Hygiene theory. Herzberg recognized features which make people happy and satisfied with their jobs and those which make them dissatisfied and unhappy he called the satisfiers and dissatisfies. The satisfiers are factors which give people continuing motivation and allow them to enjoy their work* The type of work* Promotion prospects* Having responsibility* Sense of achievement* Personal development* Gaining recognition.The dissatisfies or hygiene factors need to be operating well in an organisation but according to Herzberg do not ultimately motivate people. However, if they are unsatisfactory th en they do de-motivate people. These are * Salary* Working conditions* Relationships with others colleagues and managers * Company policyP9 Evaluate the usefulness of a motivation theory for managers.The motivational theory is useful for managers because of the pragmatic implications it has on individuals lacking in motivation, which in most cases do not have clear goals. Specific performance should systematically be identified and set in order to direct behaviour and maintain motivation. Goals should be set at a challenging but realistic level. Difficult goals lead to higher(prenominal) performances however if goals are set too high a level or regarded as impossible to achieve this can lead to stress and performance will suffer especially over a longer period. It is assumed that complete accurate and timely feedback and knowledge of results is usually associated with high performance. Feedback provides a means of checking progress of goal attainment and forms the basis of any rev ision of goals.Although goals can be determined either by a superior or by individuals themselves goals set by other people are more likely to be accepted when there is participation. Employee participation in the setting of goals may lead to higher performanceP10 Explain the nature of groups and group behaviour within organisationsGroup work Good groups achieve synergy that is, together they can achieve more than the members could individually. More ideas, energy and resources are made as a group because * The group solves problems and make decisions together * The group focuses on priorities, with everyone working towards the similar aim * The group provides a sense of belonging and sense of status * The group provides a support networkNot everyone in a group is the same each person has their own strengths and weaknesses. If each person had the same weaknesses, the group could not work there needs to be a balance of skills. A method of recognising individuals strengths and weakn esses is needed in order to build and effective team.The management expert R. Meredith Belbin has outlined nine team roles necessary for successful team.Belbins rolesChairperson/co-ordinator the group leader, likely to be relaxed and outgoing person, also likely to be a good communicator. They will build on the strengths of team members and give them encouragement.Plant the ideas person in the team, a person who is creative in looking for solutions to problems, but not always good at details, and so may make careless mistakes.Shaper the task leader, who unites ideas and effort. Needs to be dominant and outgoing person in order to make things happen.Monitor/evaluator the team analyst, who is not so good at ideas but pays attention to detail, therefore keeping the team directed towards its target.Implementer the organiser of the team, who is able to take the ideas of the plant and manufacturing business and turn them into manageable and realistic tasks, a practical, stable and di sciplined person. Resource investigator the person who is outgoing and will explore and report on ideas and developments outside the group this person always has a solution to problems, is sociable and enthusiastic, and good under pressure.Team thespian a very people-oriented person, sensitive to others needs. The team worker has good communication skills and will be good at motivating others. A natural mediator, who will deal with any conflict within the team, this person is very good to have around in a crisis.Finisher a person who sticks to deadlines and likes to get on with things. Will probably be annoy by the more relaxed members of the team.Specialist this person is single-minded and a self-starter, and provides knowledge and skills in specialist areas. Each of Belbins roles acquires a different level of importance according to the objectives of the team and the stage in the teams life.P11 Discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork in organisations.Team development Formal teams are part of the structure of an organisation and are planned in order to meet that organisations objectives. The official team will follow rules and rules and may meet on a fixed schedule and complete administrative procedures. Examples of good practice in travel and tourism include sales teams and marketing teams. Informal teams work within or outside formal teams. They are sometimes based on personal relationships between members rather than on work roles. When you complete group work for assignments, you often choose the colleagues you wish to work with. You choose to work with people you like and ones you know will be as committed as you are to the work. This as an informal team. There are several theories of team structure and development, which will help you to understand the effectiveness of teams. Bruce Tuckman (1965) identified four main stages of team developmentForming at this stage, team members from their first impression s of each other establish identities. They are seem each other out and finding out what is expected of them. Storming the team members have, by now, become more used to each other. Members are prepared to put forward their ideas forcibly and openly they are also prepared to disagree and so there may be some conflict and hostility.Norming the team now begins to establish co-operation. Conflict is controlled, views are exchanged and new standards introduced. Performing the team is now working together it begins to arrive at solutions and achieve objectives. There can also be fifth stage, called adjourning or mourning, where the team has disbanded and the members miss being part of the team.Benefits of team work to colleagues and customers and organisation. The benefit of team work to colleagues is that they get to be confident and have a great self-esteem. Working together makes them communicate well with each other it also makes them makes the right decisions. British Airways sta ffs view and trust their teams they all have their clear roles and responsibilities, they support each other in their job, when their team member does not know what they are doing they help one and other out. Their customers are always happy with their service and this gives their company a positive image. British Airways spend a lot of money training their staffs to help their team works together at the end of the day they make a lot of profits.Job roles and lines of responsibilityAn organisation chart shows the structure of the company and how the work is divided into different areas. It also shows the lines of responsibility between staff, so that it is apparent who is responsible to whom. An employee studying a chart will find the possible promotion routes. The chart may show a hierarchical structure or line relationship. This is a very traditional structure and shows a train of command with each person responsible to the person above them. It is sometimes referred to as a pyr amid structure. Many organisations today would be depicted in a chart with a flatter structure. There are fewer layers of management, and each manager has a broader span of control. Restructuring of organisations often involves getting rid of warmheartedness managers, hence the flattened structure.P12 Evaluate the impact of technology in team functioning within a given organisation. In this modern day and age the use of IT is very important because of modern technology, and this is also part of some peoples working lives. Same thing is applicable to travel and tourism sector. for most jobs or roles you would IT skills like the uses of databases, spreadsheets and email system and be able to use the word processor as well as skills explicit to a role. For example people working in an airline reservation team will get trained on how to make bookings and reservation systems such as Galileo or Amadeus. In a tourist information centre you would need to be able to access the sites and use the software that provides timetables and local information.doubting Thomas throwThomas Cook has an intranet Get in Touch facility, to which all staff have access. There is also a dedicated e-mail address for staff to send feedback direct to UK chief executive Manny Fontenla-Novoa. A spokeswoman added we issue an annual staff questionnaire to gain a temperature check on morale and motivation within the company.Thomas Cook also runs panel sessions made up of a cross-selection of the business which are held regularly to provide feedback on new ideas and marketing initiatives. Other intrinsic forms of communication include a quarterly magazine and monthly videos for stores.Electric Electric communications for internal use include e-mail, which is a popular way for staff to communicate with one other, and intranets. An intranet is a website that has restricted access, usually for employees only. It may hold information that a company wishes to share internally but not externally.Wo rking in a team will also motivate staff to interact and also learn skills off their peers because one person can represent more than one role, as mostpeople have strengths in more than one area.References/Bibliographyhttp//www.publicorgtheory.org/organization-theory.htmlhttp//businesscasestudies.co.uk/tesco/developing-appropriate-leadership-styles/management-and-leadership.htmlixzz2HxoCDjYE Management & Organisational behaviour by Laurie J. Mullins (Ninth edition)